Microprocessors and microcontrollers, what distinguishes them

Microprocessors and microcontrollers are two types of integrated circuits that have significant differences in terms of architecture, markets and technological issues.

Architecture:

• The microprocessor is designed to perform complex calculations and data processing operations. It is usually equipped with a central processing unit (CPU) and random access memory (RAM) to store temporary data.
• The microcontroller is designed to control electronic systems in real time. It is usually equipped with a processor, flash memory to store the program, RAM memory to store temporary data and input/output devices to communicate with the outside world.

Markets:

• Microprocessors are used in applications such as personal computers, servers, smartphones, tablets, game consoles, networking equipment, etc.
• Microcontrollers are used in applications such as embedded systems, industrial control equipment, home appliances, electronic toys, medical equipment, sensors, security systems, etc.

Technological issues:

• Microprocessors have high requirements in terms of computing power, processing speed, data storage capacity and connectivity, which explains why they are manufactured in the finest technologies between 10 and 3nm.
• Microcontrollers have high requirements for low power consumption, fast response time, reliability, security and cost.

Microprocessors and microcontrollers are therefore two different types of integrated circuits that are designed to meet different needs. Microprocessors are used for applications that require complex calculations and high processing power, while microcontrollers are used for applications that require real-time control and low power consumption, especially for most applications IoT.